Yao Syndrome (NOD2-associated Autoinflammatory Disease) is an under-recognized and under-diagnosed systemic autoinflammatory disease. It is characterized by reoccurring episodes of fever, rash, joint pain, abdominal pain, swelling of distal extremities, gastrointestinal complaints, sicca-like symptoms, and eyelid swelling. Certain variants in the NOD2 gene increase the risk of developing this condition. ​

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Yao Syndrome has an estimated prevalence of between 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. Studies suggest that it is one of the most common systemic autoinflammatory diseases in adults. ​